Introduction

Mass incarceration of African American males is a well-developed subject and a problem African Americans faces.According to (ACLU, 2006`)low education and low income among black men is the primary cause for inequitable operation of the criminal justice system in general, and discrimination as it is evident in the enforcement strategies in the war on drugs.

(Alexander, The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness., 2010)Indicated that the proportion of inmates identified as Hispanic or black in both private and public prisons in nine states. The study clearly shows that there are a high number of people of color in private prisons as compared to public prisons in the same nine states. California has the highest rate at 13 percent while Arizona has the minimum at three percent. Another study by (Alexander, The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age oF colorblindness., 2013), the high disparity shown casts doubt on cost-efficiency as claimed by the private facilities and also portrays the prison industry and shows how the major non-color sensitive policies negatively affects the people of color.

The literature review is written to discuss the scholarly foundation, in order to establish a strong base for the factor discussed in the research. Under the literature review, the factors of racial disparities( race), drug abuseand family development along with the other contributingfactors are being discussed. The reviews entails the research from journaland peer-reviewedarticles, to state the concreteness of the factorseffectively.

The effect of active role of non-profit Organization on the incarceration of African American males Harvard Case Solution & Analysis

2.1- Historical Perspectiveand meaning ofIncarceration

Since at the time of colonization, the blacks have been mostly slaves, they were excluded from the alleged benefit from tat the whites may receive during the prison. In fact, under the early period, these cells contained the blacks more, as they gave been developed for the slaves that offend the countryrules.

According to ( (Bronte-Tinkew, 2010)), there has been an unequal and deliberatediscriminationamong the American’sand blacks in the US.It wasnoted, that in manycolonies,where the ratio to Negron to while Americanshasbeen 1:40 respectively, these jails contained 1:4 prisoners respectively, depicting a high ratio of Negros in the cells as compared to the relatedly propensity in the market.

According to ( (Statistics, 2014)), these prisons served as the warehouse for the prisoners, until the release, and put no efforts on reforming these prisoners. Infant, these prisons, mostlyincorporated immigrant and blacks. In addition ( (Burns, 1999)), suggested, that these prison has been established from the biblical period, however the main aim of such prison has been only to restrain the offenders in the system from creating any chaos.

According to ( (Burrell, Special education and the Juvenile Justice System, 2000)), the spread of prison and sanction increased in 19^thcenturyand has now in fact dominated the criminal justice. In fact, according to ( (Bonczar, 2003), the number of prisonersare over represented in the prison at that times.The women and the males are in fact considered s out of the teach or care and correction by the white population and hencerendered as prisoners in the state......................

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