This article argues that we must turn our attention from one organization to the systems of organization, if we want to manage in a way that reduces the likelihood of disastrous results in the organization. Risk mitigation of large-scale systems from the research on high reliability organizations (HROs). This article discusses the characteristics common to both types of systems - including simultaneous autonomy and interdependence, intended and unintended consequences of the behavior, the long incubation period which can cause problems and risks of migration - and shows how the principles of risk reduction, which evolved from HRO research can be applied in large-scale systems. "Hide
on March Grabowski, Karlene Roberts Source: California Management Review 12 pages. Publication Date: July 1, 1997. Prod. #: CMR091-PDF-ENG