This case speaks to the history of one of the most controversial episodes in the history of the U.S. intelligence services. Focus on whether to break the time-honored rules of CIA covert operations in order to supply the Afghan rebels (fighting in 1980 to oust the Soviet invasion) with American-made, state-of Stinger missiles. The case offers an unusual glimpse into the policy development process for the exploration of solutions, particularly covert action - secret activities to promote U.S. foreign policy objectives, without revealing the hands of the U.S. government. He describes a pitched internal debate among the Department of Defense, the CIA Operations Directorate CIA leadership, the State Department and the Joint Chiefs of Staff on the issue of whether to provide Stinger anti-aircraft weapons to Afghan Mujahideen. Lawyers said Stinger can help win the war. Opponents argued that the role of the U.S. has made clear, which could lead to an escalation of the conflict superpower level may increase the risk of retaliation against the staging areas in Pakistan, and created the risk that terrorists will gain possession of a weapon. HKS Case Number 1546.0 "Hide
by Kirsten Lundberg, Philip Zelikow, Ernest May 64 pages. Publication Date: November 9, 1999. Prod. #: HKS295-PDF-ENG
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