This paper presents four methods of standardization - a product of the procurement, and the process - this will help to mitigate the negative effects of the product range of operations of the company. The firm's ability to use these standards approaches depends on the following factors: the extent to which it can modularity of its products and processes that he is trying to achieve for its customers, and the costs associated with standardization. Provides a framework for thinking about these options and the choice between them. "Hide
by Jayashankar M. Swaminathan Source: California Management Review 12 pages. Publication Date: April 1, 2001. Prod. #: CMR203-PDF-ENG