In 2010, 97% of the world's supply of rare earth elements (REE) have come from mines in China. Global demand tripled from 40,000 tons to 120,000 tons between 2000 and 2010, and China has gradually cut its annual exports. Concerns about the crisis in western countries has increased as an alternative supply of these materials have been requested. REE have been used in a number of products, including in the military industry. Reports showed that U.S. defense industry was "totally dependent" on imports of rare earth elements and advised defense contractors to try to limit its dependence on these materials, and actively look for alternatives. The United States is faced with the problem of recovery of domestic supplies of rare earth elements to achieve self-sufficiency and environmental protection. "Hide
by Carola Ramon-Berjano, Markus Schuetz Source: University of Hong Kong, 14 pages. Publication Date: November 14, 2011. Prod. #: HKU962-PDF-ENG