GIS and impact prediction for EIA Case Study Solution
Ground-borne vibration assessment
The methodology used for ground-borne vibration assessment is based on the highest level of vibration from a single event. In this regard, ground-borne vibration velocity levels are calculated using the formula. Various curve is identified, which predicts the overall ground surface vibration on the basis of the distance from the source.
Whereas, road traffic noise mapping included a series of steps used in transforming input data in impact first involved the estimation of a traffic volume through GPS of floating cars by speed-density relation. During this time, there was an automatic export of roads and buildings attributes from GIS. Single vehicle noise emission model in combination with noise propagation model formulated calculation model of regional traffic noise which accounted attenuation of traffic noise. The optimization of algorithm was performed by dividing computational grids, a quick index of valuation substances and automatic filtration of traffic noise sources. Hence, the road traffic estimation of noise levels at day and night was for creation of two maps of traffic noise. The validation of developed algorithm accuracy through a monitoring experiment of traffic noise in different districts.
Strengths of the Model
One of the major strengths of the spatial model is that it is based upon the procedures and techniques of FTA. As spatial modelling is essential in quantification of environmental impact level associated with different urban projects. Another major strength of the spatial model is that the research is based upon categorical data, which provides a deep insight of the impact over different groups.
On the other hand, the noise emission model for mapping of noise is an effective way for assessment of environmental noise. The use of a combination of experiments shows accurate and effective results which can be provided as a useful feedback for reduction in traffic noises in urban environment.
Weaknesses of the Model
There are few limitations in using spatial model; it is a time-consuming process as it requires time in setting up the layers of GIS which includes scanning, digitalization and analysis.Results are presented at screening level which are difficult to consider. Similarly, there is a warranty of specific single sensitive receptor detailed analysis.
Other proposed noise emission models for mapping are not applicable and so noise emission model proposed by China due to changes in classification of vehicle and indicators of noise evaluation. The implementation of such model requires difficulty in obtaining basic information of traffic. The application of calculation algorithm of regional traffic noise results are less efficient. For verification of results, additional experimentation is required.
Lessons Learned From the Model and Points of Improvement
In the study of using spatial model to estimate vibration level; the research erdetermined the environmental factors over the noise levels at the local level.Implementation of light-weight rail system, spatial demonstration is essential to evaluating vibration level effects in urban ventures.
In the other study, noise emission model was used for the estimation of noise level emission from motor vehicles in China. GPS can measure exact sound dimensions and land areas. It can also provide an arrangement in the noise emission mapping. The GPS information that was gathered from floating vehicles has been utilised to assess vehicle speed and the level of noise emission.
Conclusion
On the basis of examining two studies on use of GIS through analysis of vibration and noise levels impact on environment. This study was conducted for comparison of use of different models for noise levels’ estimation. In context to Spatial model for estimation of vibration levels, a light train from one of the cities in the Middle East was considered to be studied.(Hamed, 2007)In noise emission model for estimation of road traffic noise level, noise produced from the vehicles in China were considered for analysis.(Ming Cai, 2015)However, this study is based on the comparison of both the models analysed research studies, the researcher determined the differences of both the models...............
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